Family law is an area of law that deals with all aspects of family relations. Family law encompasses: adoption, child custody and visitation, children's rights, child support, spousal support (alimony), separation agreements, civilian and military divorce (dissolution of marriage), marital property division (equitable division), elder law matters, estate planning, estates and trusts, wills and will contests, probate, insurance, cohabitation agreements, pre-marital (pre-nuptial) agreements, marriage and other legal issues pertinent to the family.

Family law courts generally hear cases pertaining to dissolution of marriage, legal separation of the parties, nullity of marriage, child custody, child and spousal support, elder law legal issues, domestic violence petitions, and estate planning cases like wills, will contests, guardianship, insurance, probate, trusts and other estate related legal issues.

It is important to consult with Paul Ryan & Associates about any major life event or change, such as a contested or uncontested divorce, adoption of a child or placement of a child for adoption, child abuse matters, child support modifications, child visitation and custody, being accused of or a victim of domestic violence, elder law, juvenile law, probate or other major family law issues.

The following information includes frequently asked family law questions. These questions and answers are general in nature and should not be used as specific legal advice for your case. Each case is different and carries its own set of circumstances which must be taken into consideration by competent legal counsel. For specific questions about your case, please contact Paul Ryan & Associates.


How are Custody issues decided?
No area of family law brings to the courtroom the tension, anxiety, hostility, volatility and raw emotion as child custody and visitation litigation. Rare is the divorce, dissolution or custody determination in which the parties have been able to set aside personal differences to reach the goal of what is best for the children involved. Most parents pay lip service to this ideal, but often cannot reach it in actuality. Most often a judge will take great pains to get parents themselves to come to a mutually acceptable custody agreement if that is possible. A decision made by a stranger is rarely completely acceptable to all if the attempt has not been made in earnest.

The family court systems of the states usually have several layers of counseling, mediation and conciliation to attempt to bring warring parents together for the purpose of resolving the issue of what it is in the best interests of their children.

What about visitation?
Generally, a court will grant reasonable visitation rights to a parent unless it is shown that the visitation will be detrimental to the best interests of the child. A non-parent can in the discretion of the court also be granted visitation rights if they have an interest in the welfare of the child—this is generally divided into the area of grandparents, step-parents and other non-parents. It should be noted, however, that this is discretionary. The court may also approve visitation plans and restrictions considering factors relevant to the best interests of the child. Paul Ryan & Assocaites will guide you through the complicated procedure of child visitation issues.

How is the amount of child support determined?
Federal law now requires that the amount of a child support payment be set in accordance with a guideline. Having a guideline is believed to prevent widely different amounts of child support being ordered from courtroom to courtroom. Guidelines provide an objective basis for the determination of the amount of support to be paid. As a result, most states have established formulas that are used to determine the amount of the payment from one parent to the other. Paul Ryan & Associates will safeguard your legal rights and fight for what is fair.

What happens to a father who refuses to pay court ordered child support?
Under the Child Support Enforcement Act of 1984, it is against the law for any father, presumed or assumed, to not pay court ordered child support to the custodial guardian, regardless of joint custody. Federal laws permit the interception of tax refunds to enforce child support orders, and other methods of enforcement include wage attachments, seizure of property, suspension of a business license and possible driver's license revocation. In the event that none of these attempts are entirely successful, the court of law that issued the child support order can hold the father in contempt and, in the absence of a reasonable explanation for the delinquency, impose a jail term.

Can a divorce action be stopped by one of the spouses?
A no-fault divorce can't be stopped by a spouse because objecting to the other spouse's petition for divorce is itself an irreconcilable difference that would justify the divorce. However, a spouse could potentially stop a fault divorce by either convincing the court that he/she was not at fault or by using any of the following defenses.

• Condonation - implied approval of another's activities by treating the person as though the offense were never committed.
• Connivance - setting up a situation so that the other person commits a wrongdoing.
• Provocation - inciting of another to do a certain act.
• Collusion - secret agreement or cooperation between the spouses designed to deceive the judge.